Background and Aim: Fear from dentistry procedures is one of the most prevalent conditions which can influence patient-dentist relationships. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of fear from different DENTAL procedures in patients referred to the DENTAL school of Kennan university.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the rate of fear from different DENTAL procedures in 386 patients referred to the DENTAL school of Kennan University was assessed with the visual analogue scale by a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by t and ANOVA tests.Results: The results of this study showed that from 386 patients referred, 74 (19%) patients had low to moderate fear, 261(67.8%) patients had moderate to severe fear and 51(13.2%) patients had extreme fear. Most of the patients feared from surgery, root canal therapy, extraction and observing the syringe. The analysis of data showed that there was a significant relationship between fear, sex and previous unpleasant experiences. Women had more fear than men (P=0.012), and those who had unpleasant experiences feared more than those who did not (P=0.03). Fear decreased as the number of visits to the dentist increased (P=0.021). Conclusion: In spite of the differences in the rate of fear, DENTAL procedures which cause the fear were the same in the patients.

Background and Aim: The design and manufacture of DENTAL restorations with the help of milling machines has developed at a high speed since their introduction and offers more precision and options. The paradigm shift from traditional techniques to CAD/CAM technology has created a revolutionary change in the methods for fabrication of restorations. Modern milling machines dedicated to DENTAL care are kinematic structures that work in 4 or 5 axis and represent one of the key parts of CAD/CAM. 4-axis and 5-axis machines are guided by the feed angle control and the direction of the milling cutter, which depends on the contact surface between the cutting tool and the block being turned, enabling a higher quality of surface integrity. The purpose of this review article is to investigate the types and applications of milling machines in dentistry. Material and Method: This review study was conducted using the electronic version of articles available in the search engines PubMed and Google Scholar from 2000 to the end of 2024 using the keywords milling machine, CAD/CAM, 5-axis milling machine, 4-axis milling machine. All articles were in English and finally 32 articles were selected and reviewed. Conclusion: Milling machines are available both for DENTAL offices and general DENTAL laboratories and for industrial DENTAL laboratories. These machines increase the precision and quality of DENTAL restorations. Restorations prepared by milling machines provide better results than conventional methods in terms of mechanical strength in chewing and aesthetics.

Background and Aim: When using improper recording materials during the fabrication of dentures, the whole process could be compromised in spite of the precision administered during the rest of the procedure. The aim of this study was to compare the flow of Pars Wax, Azardent, Crystal and Asia Wax with the DENTAL Modelling Wax Detry (Manufactured in Dentsply) according to standard indices of ADA, specification no. 24.Materials and Methods: All flow tests were conducted in accordance with the corresponding ADA specifications. Two samples of each wax (10 mm wide x 6 mm heigh) were prepared. A force of 19.6N (2kg) was applied on each specimen at three different temperatures: 23, 37 and 45°C. The geometric changes were accurately measured with a micrometer and compared to those obtained prior to the tests. The ratios of the dimensions after force application to the initial dimensions were determined. Based on these ratios, wax flows were compared to standard indices. Results: The amount of flow at 23°C and 45°C, obtained for all studied waxes was in accordance with the corresponding standard values, proposed by ADA. However, at 37°C the flow of none of the studied waxes was in the range of the ADA standards.Conclusion: Considering that the tested waxes demonstrated conflicting results at different temperatures when compared with the standard values, further investigation using different batch numbers is suggested.

2Background and Aims: Journal of DENTAL Research is among the dentistry journal with the highest impact factor. This study aimed to map the most important topics for journal editors and readers. Materials and Methods: The world's active research topics in the field of dentistry related to the Journal of DENTAL Research in the last 5 years were extracted from SciMapper's SciTrends. Also, we clustered the most cited papers in that journal to show the most important research topics for the journal editors and readers. Results: We identified and mapped 11 active international research areas in the field of dentistry and related to this journal. Among 146 faculty members of the school of dentistry, 12 had at least one article related to the most active research areas in the journal. In this regard, they had similar articles elated to the 7 clusters out of 13, but their articles are mainly related to the clusters 7 and 19. Among the investigated faculty members, nine had directly collaborated with 21 authors of the mapped clusters. Moreover, 12 faculty members could also connect to the 126 authors with articles in that journal through their scientific collaborators. Conclusion: One way to publish in a top international journal is to know the most active and interesting research areas for the journal editors and readers. About 8% of the school of dentistry faculty members at Tehran University of Medical Sciences had some research related to the Journal of DENTAL Research.

Statement of Problem: DENTAL Unit Water Systems (DUWS) have been demonstrated to be contaminated with biofilms. This biofilm could be a site for growth and colonization of pathologic microorganisms. Purpose: The aim of this research was to measure the Total Cultivable Flora (TCF) in DUWS of Khorasgan DENTAL school and the effect of stabilized chlorine dioxide on its reduction.Materials and Method: In this research, 60 samples of water from high speed turbines, air-water syringes, cavitrons and wash basins were collected. The samples were cultured in agar nutrition media and incubated for 5 days. After the incubation period, colonial counting was done by HPC method. In the next stage, stabilized chlorine dioxide was added in a container for each unit and the samples were taken from air-water syringes, cavitrons and turbine outlets .As for the first stage, after 5 days of culture and incubation, the samples were observed under microscope for counting the bacterial colonies. Kruskal-Walis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis.Results: A high level of bacterial contamination (more than 200 CFU) was observed in high speed turbines, air-water syringes, cavitrons and wash basins. The highest colonial count was observed from cavitron and the lowest from washbasin outlets but the difference was not statistically significant .After using chlorine dioxide, the amount of bacterial colonies was significantly reduced (p <0.05). Conclusion: The amount of bacterial contamination in DUWS of Khorasgan DENTAL school was higher than the accepted level .These bacteria were mainly opportunistic .The addition of an anti-bacterial agent in the DUWS will significantly reduce the bacterial count to an acceptable level.

Background: Teeth and mouth diseases encompass about %5-10 of the total health care costs. Transtheoretical Model (TTM) explains when individuals will adopt changes in their behaviors, how they change their behaviors, and which factors affect the changes in their behaviors. PROCESSES of change is an important component of the model which include covert and overt activities that people use to progress through the stages. The purpose of this study was to determine the stages of change of inter-DENTAL cleaning behavior and its relationship with the process of changes based on TTM in Yazd, Iran.Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 361 students from 8 pre-university schools who were selected via cluster sampling. Appropriate standard instrument were used to measure the stages of inter-DENTAL cleaning behavior, and the process of change questionnaire was developed by the researchers.The reliability and validity of questionnaires were examined and approved using expert panel and cronbach’s sαcoefficient. Data were analyzed with SPSS software and using ANOVA and Binary Logistic Regression tests.Results: %49 of students were in pre-contemplation stage, %5.3 in contemplation, %24.1 in preparation, %6.8 in action and %12.5 were in maintenance stage. The subjects earned %73.98 scores of cognitive PROCESSES of change, %63.59 scores of behavioral PROCESSES of change and %59.77 of scores of total PROCESSES of change. According to binary logistic regression analysis, In order to transfer from pre-action stages to action stages, the students used consciousness raising (Odd Ratio=1.061) and Self-liberation (Odd Ratio=1.155), and social liberation (Odd Ratio=1.204).Conclusion: Majority of students was in pre-contemplation stage and most of them used cognitive PROCESSES of change to move from primary to final stages. So, interventional strategies which include programs with the aim of increasing cognitive process of change may be useful for transferring the students from primary stages of inter-DENTAL cleaning behaviors to final stages.

Aim: This study was designed to assess the level of gram negative bacterial contamination in water supply of DENTAL units used at Shahid Beheshti University at the year 1999.Material and Methods: Water samples were obtained from water syringe lines and high - speed turbine lines of 30 DENTAL units which were initially selected on random manner. All samples were stored in sterile tubes containing 5cc nutrient broth followed by an incubation stage on EMB and MacCankey plates for 48 hours at 37oC. Bacterial colonies were then counted and compared with suggested limit by ADA.Results: Sections of first floor had shown. Psedomonas and staphylococcus contamination were seen in 37.5% of the samples collected form DENTAL units of surgical wards at first floor while 61.5% of the samples of DENTAL units of restorative wards (2nd floor) had staphylococcus contam E.coli and Entrococcus contamination were found in samples of or the/paedo clinic water supply samples in 75% of the cases.Conclusion: there appeared to be a relationship between the increase in the number of microorganisms and water stagnation on the upper floors of the building.